While the MPPT runs with a ton of safety protection protocols, these protocols and safety features are microcontroller and code dependent. You don't have to change anything! Unlike linear regulators, like the infamous 7805 IC, a buck regulator does not shed off voltage and current for regulation through heat. There was only one down-side, the price. Row 1: Solar Power, Energy Harvested, Days Running, Row 2: Battery %, Battery Voltage, Battery Charging Current, Row 1: Solar Power, Solar Voltage, Solar Current, Row 1: Solar Power, Energy Harvested, Battery %, Row 2: Energy bar with 16 blocks representing battery life 0-100%. 1. 1. Analog Circuit Simulator, List of freewares LTspice My primary circuit simulator. LTspice download link MicroCap Discontinued , but still ava If the microcontroller were to malfunction and enter a lock-up state (which is highly unlikely based on my field test), the fuses could save a lot of your hardware from frying. Example, 1kWh in our country costs 9.5 PHP. If you fail to do this, the Arduino sketch/ firmware would not open properly. When Q1 and Q2 have body diodes opposing each other, current can no longer leak both ways, not unless we turn both MOSFETs Q1 and Q2 on.
MPPT Charge From here you can also access a lot of hidden features that you can't find from the LCD interface. Congratulations! 3. Now we can verify the inductor's saturation current. ADS1015 and ADS1115 are both compatible on the same code, the library works for both! If we were to use something like an IRF3205 we would end up using nine of them in place of three CSD19505. The reason why Asynchronous Buck converters are easy to implement is because the diode, without any fancy circuit or code, automatically blocks current from flowing back. Arduino Nano is an 8-bit microcontroller it is relatively slow at crunching math operations. This is a test if you truly know how to get this mod done properly. The highlighted yellow fields from the "Solved Parameters Section" will display the following: One of the key reasons why this project ended up having an extremely small form factor and high energy conversion efficiency was the careful selection of N-channel MOSFETs. Check the voltage of the gate pins of Q2 and Q3. To calculate the amps of your charge controller, take the wattage of 10-bits means there are 1024 values it can represent from 0V to 5V (5V being the default voltage reference). This meant a differential ADC can be used, a differential ADC eliminates the need of computing for the zero point in a bi-directional current sensor. Hands down!
Designing of MPPT Solar Charge Controller using Arduino 3000W Pure Sine Wave Inverter + 60A MPPT Solar Charge Controller . Please don't change anything! Your priority is just to be able to upload these Arduino Sketches (Fugu Firmware) to your MPPT. 10. It is an input switch and input current sensing. Both of them are optional. The switch is for stopping current flows back to the input if the i These modules that most of you are familiar with are based on the less efficient Asynchronous Buck Converter topology. There are some papers that explained this but they're either filled with a ton of jargons or does not specify this issue directly. The MPPT project is Arduino based. Name the main folder after the main .ino file (folder name example: ARDUINO_MPPT_FIRMWARE_V1.1). PWM or MPPT? 17 days ago. Now, we have a floor close to the ground and a ceiling of 2.5V that we can scale down to the ADC's voltage reference. There are two types of diode positioned inside a solar panel. You can read more on this on the next step, I allocated a separate step for this since it deserves attention. ID refers to your toroid's inner diameter, measure yours in mm and input it in the text box. There's a lot more! I need to make a separate tutorial for this (Part 3 of the Video, You have to change the set parameter values in the main sketch in the calibration parameters section, Change "outVoltageDivRatio = 24.5000" to "outVoltageDivRatio = 40.2156", Change "vOutSystemMax = 50.0000" to "vOutSystemMax = 80.0000". Its very lightweight too! Just be weary that using fuses that are far from your current setup's currents could prevent the fuses from doing there jobs in saving your MPPT from unexpected faults. This is by assuming that all fuse ratings are designed for maximum advertised operating conditions. Advanced MPPT Technology: The GV-5 Lithium controller uses advanced Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technology to maximize the amount of energy your solar panels produce, ensuring that your batteries are charged as efficiently as possible. I do appreciate it when you buy from my PCBway link, I use the commission to fund my other projects and tutorials, your support would be much appreciated. Getting the wrong inductance from your initial design is possible, especially if some of you are relying on generic toroidal cores. Displays a live feed of the energy harvested from the Solar Panels. Just click the play button for it to start. These are quick links, so you wouldn't have to upload gerber files to the website. For a 16bit PWM resolution, a maximum of 1.22Khz PWM can be achieved, For a 12bit PWM resolution, a maximum of 19.5Khz PWM can be achieved, For a 11bit PWM resolution, a maximum of 39.06Khz PWM can be achieved, For a 10bit PWM resolution, a maximum of 78.12Khz PWM can be achieved, For a 9bit PWM resolution, a maximum of 156.25Khz PWM can be achieved, For a 8bit PWM resolution, a maximum of 312.5Khz PWM can be achieved. As a result the MPPT's buck portion goes haywire at times and accidentally turns on Q2 or Q3 causing some magic smoke. We now know that at -30A, Vout = 2.5V; at 0A, Vout = 0.52V. The big question is, which one do I need? If you are dealing with an unknown toroidal core with no label, observe if it was colored with paint, some toroidal inductors have colors to specify the core material. I didn't bother since I view most of the data from the WiFi phone app in the first place. Main MPPT Board (https://bit.ly/3gGccE7), 2.) This was important to me especially during the time the board was under development and undergoing tests. 10-bits means there are 1024 values it can represent from 0V to 5V (5V being the default voltage reference). The knob represents the duty cycle control of the MPPT's buck converter. Your fuse2 rating must be close to your battery charging current. The higher the resolution, the finer the voltage and current steps would be. I was confident with mine since I built it on a branded toroidal core that came with a datasheet. Removing D8 while leaving D4 results to the MPPT drawing power only from the batteries. There shouldn't be any problem in your setup. Needless to say, you will not suffer from a tad of current discrepancy at the output. Let's go with the easiest SMD soldering technique. I understood some of them as they were taught on our engineering courses, but some were still new to me. It is difficult to tell, but it is around 1.8 divs from the zero point to the saturation point. Very few manufactures specify these fields in their datasheet. The build underwent 6 months of testing.
Show Demo Genasun 5A MPPT Solar Charge Controller for The 35A tested inductor design had to be de-rated for safety reasons. Take note that Voc and Vmp are two very different things. Do I get the ADS1115 with 16-bit resolution and 860sps speed or the ADS1015 with 12-bit resolution with 3,300sps speed? Well, now we only need 1 PWM signal to switch both Q2 and Q3 inversely, thus reducing the need for two complementary PWM signals. I only got an grasp on how it works when I built an experimental and raw buck converter with a solar panel as its input, a variable potentiometer for controlling the duty cycle (no voltage feeback) and used a nichrome as a load at the output. The ATmega328P used in an Arduino Nano and uno has a 10-bit ADC. If you are using the ADS1115 kindly follow these steps: Uncomment "//Adafruit_ADS1115 ads;" by removing the "//" from the beginning of the line. I accidentally attached batteries to my device while set to PSU mode. Just like from MOD#1, you have to specify the changed voltage divider ratio in the code. You instantly get a copy of the MPPT's phone app! Yellow toroids are often 75. The LCD menu interface uses the non-volatile flash memory to save all your settings. It took me months to figure out the culprit that has been haunting us all for years. Click on any of the sketches with the properly labeled folder to open the program. Let's say you have a system like this: Solar panels MPPT controller battery charger battery load If the load on the system is smaller than the incoming solar power, the battery voltage will rise. It is safe to connect to panel first. There are two solutions to this problem (hardware vs. software), Either to implement an application specific MOSFET driver IC for synchronous buck converters equipped with flowback current control (Analog Devices offers a ton of them) or simply use the old IR2104 design and fix it through code. But this time it had very little noise! The MPPT device (a glorified, intelligent buck converter) sweeps the duty cycle back and fourth while comparing the power harvested while keeping it close to the highest possible power that can be harvested from the solar panels. There is no issue if you are using a legitimate ADS1115 16-bit ADC. Ae is simply the effective cross-sectional area of a toroid. ECO series is a new all-in-one hybrid solar charge inverter, which integrates solar energy storage & means charging energy storage and AC sine wave output. If your components misaligned with your pads, use a pair of tweezers to realign them while using a hot air gun to melt the solder again. . You have to do it yourself. Take note the if you were to substitute a MOSFET from the schematic shown above, be sure to select a logic level MOSFET such as the IRLZ44. It has harvested over 334kWh of energy from my solar setup since it was first installed.
charge controller 10uF was suggested for maximum filtering for DC applications, but it was also mention in the datasheet that 10uF would yield a slower rise and response time. Batteries feeding current back to solar panels? You can click on the tabs to view the different sections of the firmware. WebWanted to share this info for anyone in the market for a dc to dc charger or a solar charge controller. This gives us a sensing resolution of 78mV for voltage and 29mA for current. So instead of charging the batteries, you are actually draining it. Forgive me if I will butcher a bunch of technical terms into laymen's terms. Settings or firmware issues 5.9. I buy parts in bulk, the individually priced total component cost of the MPPT project is around $20 in the Asian market. As mentioned from the previous step, the inductor's saturation current is one of the factors that dictate on how much current our MPPT can handle. How do I fix this? If you are using the CH340C variant of the CH340 USB-TTL UART chip, kindly disregard the X1 pad by leaving it unpopulated. This way we don't have to level shift and at the same time we have eliminated the half unused range of the sensor. The alert pin is a programmable comparator which I plan to use in the future in a firmware update, as of the moment it is unsused.
MPPT Solar Charge Controller Model - File Exchange But, remember from the previous steps I mentioned? Turns off backlight when no buttons are pressed for a settable duration, Durations: Never, Seconds, Minutes, Days, Weeks and Months, Resets all the MPPT settings back to default. Add the fiberglass or Mica isolation pad between your MOSFETs and heatsink. When SD is HIGH, either Q2 or Q3 will turn on, depending on the IN pin logic state.
How To Make MPPT Solar Charge Controller | MPPT 4.0 Second is space, the WROOM32 is tiny! You have to do this every time you upload the code to the MPPT since the MPPT will reset back to the Main Menu every time you upload the code. The controller is not operational 5.3. Q2 on the other hand is on top and its source pin is tied to the drain pin of Q3. But its efficiency could be better! So what is the PWM floor value I am referring to? 9. Solar Charger Ltspice netlist Charger.asc and model library SUB_LIB.txtThe complete charger has a lot of new circuit added. Their functions are U1 is bi-directional, but we're only interested on using it as a unidirectional current sensor for maximizing the ADC resolution for current sensing. The second problem stated from the previous step is the infamous low-side burning MOSFET present in almost all DIY synchronous buck MPPT builds. It is a good practice to verify a newly built inductor's inductance. I am aware that the inductor's saturation current is different from the RMS current of the buck. This code has been tested on the ADS1015. An MPPT charge controller is a DC-DC converter that maximizes the efficiency of a solar system. When you buy off the shelf commercial MPPTs, the units are manufactured with predetermined component values.
BlueSolar MPPT 150 The saturation current point can be found at the point when the current ends to behave linearly (found at the end of the straight line). Total project cost is roughly around $25 (sourced from the Asian market). My mistake was I attached batteries when it was set to PSU mode. (09/11/21) Updated Calibration Guide - Is your build giving slightly inaccurate values? Think of Marvel's Flash pushing a light switch on-and-off in nano seconds. 16-bits would give you a 65,5536 to represent your voltages and currents! By allotting a separate core for the WiFi, I was able to get 9ms per loop cycle for the MPPT core. With features such as advanced MPPT technology, user-friendly interfaces, and multiple protection mechanisms, our MPPT solar charge controllers are a reliable and cost-effective solution for all your solar charging needs. The answer is stability. The proper explanation gets technical but the easiest way to put it, Using an MPPT for solar, helps you gather the most energy your solar panels can provide. r refers to the "Relative Magnetic Permeability".
MPPT Solar Charge Controller How to Size MPPT Solar Charge Controller Properly? The reason why U1's -IP and +IP pins are connected in a reverse manner is due to it's negative current flow response. Building an inductor and getting the required number of turns to get the required inductance is easy! An external ADC is the way to go! Our MPPT would be able to handle 36A after all! The Blynk MPPT app can keep track of how much money you have saved from harvesting energy in kWh. This prevents the sensor readings from getting clipped. These settings are pre-loaded upon startup. For now, I have provided an excel calculator in the file package. You can use the general values above for the inductor and bulk capacitors. since 5pcs is set by default). (Android & IoS) It is compatible with 80V 30A solar panel setups and all battery chemistries up to 50V. I did my best to make an extremely compact board without butchering the line gaps and widths. I liked this chip because I have direct independent control over the Q2 and Q3. Open green energy was the only instructable user to provide a DIY friendly guides to the DIY world, but even he had some troubles too in getting his to work without problems. In terms of regulation, it will be able to poll faster as well, making it more responsive. Well it doesn't sound much, but when you are approaching high-power electronics territory, that mentioned voltage drop causes a ton of power losses. R9 & R10 are gate resistors for limiting the transient currents that U7 provides for triggering the gate pins of Q2 and Q3. Insert the plastic isolation bushing to your MOSFET's hole or sleeve it on your bolt instead. R3 and R4 is a voltage divider that scales down the 2.5V ceiling we get from the U1's analog output to a voltage slightly lower than U10's 2.048V voltage reference. I did not have the proper solderable fuse connectors at the time I documented this project, so I just soldered them to the board directly. Another problem is that it uses the 5V Vcc pin as a voltage reference, so if your 5V regulated supply line changes in voltage, the analog output of the current sensor changes as well. Luckily this guide will show you how to get one working as we will be implementing this on our MPPT. It also turns the duty cycle % to an integer value to which the anlogWrite or ledcWrite function accepts. This way humans are not needed to constantly tune that knob to get maximum power. . Only attempt this if you know what you are doing! Fake IR2104 have tendency to not do anything. The ESP32 has a built in ADC of 12-bits, this gives you 4096 values to represent your voltages and currents. A higher PWM resolution is much more favored in a buck converter based MPPT. Take note that the Mini USB port comes with nibble guides. A lower PWM resolution will give you coarser steps in voltages and currents. If you are new to TO-220 packaged transistors, kindly read this and pay particular attention. The MPPT can actually charge battery chemistries up to 80V and not 50V! I knew the materials would be cheap but the design process would be a lot of work. Checked all resistors, caps, diodes surrounding the IR2104. Part 2 of the video will show the complete design process of the MPPT, Part 3 of the video will be the in-depth explanation of the Fugu MPPT firmware and the algorithms involved.